The data presents a comparison of the leading causes of death in 2011 and 2021, highlighting significant changes over the decade. COVID-19, which was nonexistent in 2011, became the leading cause of death in 2021. Neonatal disorders, which ranked first in 2011, dropped to second place. Stroke moved from fifth to third place, while lower respiratory infections and tuberculosis slightly declined in ranking. Ischemic heart disease, a major non-communicable illness, rose from seventh to sixth place, indicating an increasing health burden. Diarrheal diseases, which were ranked fourth in 2011, dropped to seventh place, possibly due to improved sanitation and healthcare interventions. Chronic kidney disease, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes maintained lower rankings, though they still contributed significantly to mortality. Overall, the data illustrates a shift in major health threats, with COVID-19 emerging as the most deadly, while some infectious diseases have seen a relative decline in impact (https://www.healthdata.org/research-analysis/health-by-location/profiles/ethiopia-tigray).