The trend in HIV prevalence in Tigray from 2005 to 2025 shows a fluctuating pattern with an overall decline followed by a sharp rise in recent years. According to data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS), the prevalence decreased steadily from 2.1% in 2005 to 1.2% in 2016, suggesting progress in HIV prevention and control efforts. However, a slight increase to 1.4% was observed in 2019, based on the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) report, indicating a possible resurgence or stagnation in progress. Alarmingly, the latest estimate from Berhe G et al. (2025) shows a dramatic rise to 3%, signaling a potential public health concern that warrants urgent investigation into contributing factors such as conflict-related disruptions, reduced access to health services, or behavioral changes in the population. This reversal underscores the need for targeted interventions and sustained HIV response efforts in the region.