Years of Life Lost (YLLs): YLLs measure the total years lost due to premature death in a population. It is calculated by multiplying the number of deaths at each age by the standard life expectancy for that age. YLLs highlight the burden of early mortality on public health. Years Lived with Disability (YLDs): YLDs represent the number of years people live with a disease or disability, weighted by the severity of the condition. It is calculated by multiplying the prevalence of a condition by its disability weight, which reflects the impact on quality of life. YLDs help assess the burden of non-fatal health conditions.

The chart below represents the trends of Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) in Tigray from 1990 to 2019 through a stacked area chart. The data visualizes a consistent decline, with YLLs reducing from 2,000,000 in 1990 to 1,200,000 in 2019 and YLDs decreasing from 1,000,000 to 600,000 over the same period. The chart uses distinct colors and highlights the interplay between these two health indicators, showcasing progress in mitigating health burdens likely influenced by advances in healthcare, preventive measures, and chronic disease management (Tigray Region Health Atlas, 2021, NDMC).